Laxative (fruit); diuretic (leaves)

Antitussive, astringent, laxative and vulnerary (roots, leaves and flowers)

Aperient, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, stimulant, tonic, increases nerve strength (fruit); anticonvulsant, tranquillizing and antifungal (essential seed oil); potent aphrodisiac (seed); antigalactogogue, antiseptic.

Analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidote, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, contraceptive, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, hydragogue, lactagogue, laxative, narcotic, tonic (plant); cardiotonic, cathartic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and expectorant (roots)

Antiaggregant, antioxidant, aperient, demulcent, emollient and pectoral (oil from the seeds); anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, decoagulant, demulcent, pectoral, and peptic (seeds).

Kills fungi, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic and one of the best plants for purifying the blood and eliminating toxins from the body, stimulant, tonic, anodyne, anti-scorbutic, aperient, diaphoretic and diuretic

Laxative, aphrodisiac, digestive, astringent, diuretic, stimulant, cardiotonic, emmenagogue, antimicrobial and anthelmintic; freshens breath and strengthens gums (paste).

Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, appetiser, cathartic, emmenagogue, sudorific, thermogenic, vulnerary, laxative, anthelmintic and oxytocic (plant); larvicidal and antigonorrheic (leaf)

Stimulant, rubefacient (plant); antiseptic, aperient, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient and stimulant (roots)

Tonic, cooling (pulp and seeds); aphrodisiac (roasted seeds); sweet, coolong, laxative, aphrodiasiae and tonic (ripe fruits)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic (tea made from the roots)

Antispasmodic, aperient, cardiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative and tonic (plant); diaphoretic, hypotensive, strongly diuretic and laxative (roots); cardiac sedative, palliative, diuretic and laxative (rhizome); antibiotic (seed).

Demulcent, emollient, galactogogue and laxative (plant)

Antibacterial, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (root); anticancer, anticholinergic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cardioactive, fungicide, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, laxative, tonic, uterorelaxant.

Astringent, diuretic, laxative and a tonic for the heart and nerves.

Laxative (fruit); hypothermic, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous and cardiovascular systems (stem bark); kills certain molluscs (plant); antifungal (oil); expectorant (seed).

Laxative (seed and plant); stimulates the cardiovascular system and respiration and anticancer, rubefacient (plant).

Antibacterial, antifeedant, antileishmanic, antimalarial, aphrodisiac, bradycardic, bronchospasmogenic, cardiovascular, convulsant, CNS Stimulant, cytotoxic, desmutagenic, emetic, euphoric, hallucinogen, hyperkinetic, laxative, phototoxic, protisticide, psychotropic, respiradepressant, spinodepressant, telepathic, tremorigenic, uteroactive, vermifuge (Ayahuasca)

Cholagogue, emetic, febrifuge and purgative (root); antiseptic, astringent and laxative (fresh root)

Inhibits vomiting (root decoction) and antiviral (plant); antidote, aperient, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient.