Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, homeopathic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, lithontripic, stomachic, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidysenteric, reduces fever, helps prevent snakebite, sedative, stimulant, increases the secretion of gastric juices. mild counter-irritant, lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar, antifungal.

Diuretic, antispasmodic, lithontripic (seeds)

Antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, lithontripic, hypnotic and tonic (leaves)

Antilithic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stomachic, antiseptic, tonic, larvicidal. insecticidal. antimicrobial and antifungal (essential plant oil); purifies blood (flower and stem); anthelmintic (flower and leaf decoction).

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root)

Antiviral; astringent, diuretic and lithotriptic (leaves); depurative and febrifuge (root and leaves)

Antirheumatic, astringent, lithontripic, salve and sedative (bark)

Stimulates liver cell regeneration and the flow of bile, prevents gall stones, purifies the body, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and helps eliminate side effects due to antibiotics and sulfonamides. Anticholesterolemic, antirheumatic, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, hypoglycaemic and lithontripic (leaves)

Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juices, stimulant and diaphoretic (tuber); antipyretic and antiinflammatory (rhizome oil)analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, contraceptive, emmenagogue, lithontripic, sedative, antierysipelas, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge.

Demulcent (root), antibacterial (essential root oil), antiviral (plant), diaphoretic, diuretic, purifies blood and restores normal bodily functions, alterative, tonic, has antibacterial and antilithic activity.

The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant; anthelmintic (leaf, unripe shell, green hull, bark and fruit oil); antisyphilis (unripe shell and green hull); cleansing (bark and leaf); restores health (bark, fruit and leaf); laxative (fruit oil)

Antibiotic, antidote, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, lithontripic, odontalgic, poultice, purgative, vermifuge.

Diuretic, lithontripic and oxytocic (mature seeds); sedative (leaves); depurative (root); contraceptive (herb extract)

Antiphlogistic, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and lithontripic (whole plant)

Antitussive, aperient, diuretic and lithontripic (roots, leaves, flowers)

Stops growth of Staphylococcus typhi (alcohol extract of leaves); reduces fever, antiscorbutic, aids in and stimulates digestion and curbs excessive thirst caused by severe heat or diabetes.Anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, antiscorbutic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, lithontripic, stomachic and styptic.

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root).

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, laxative, lithotriptic, rejuvenative, tonic.

The fresh fruit is antilithic, constructive, cooling, diuretic and strengthening. The dried fruit is demulcent, cooling, mildly expectorant, laxative and stomachic. The leaves, especially red leaves, are anti-inflammatory and astringent. The seed is anti-inflammatory and astringent. The sap of young branches is diuretic.

Cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, lithontripic, mildly stimulant and vasodilator (corn silks); diuretic and a mild stimulant (seeds); anticancerous (plant)