Azadirachta indica A. JUSS |
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Botanical Name |
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Azadirachta indica A. JUSS |
English
Name |
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Margosa margosa, Neem, Nim |
Synonym(s) |
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Melia azadirachta Linn. |
Family |
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Meliaceae |
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General Info
Description |
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A large, evergreen tree, with long, spreading branches forming a broad crown. The bark is grey and rough; the leaves are alternate, the leaflets 8-19, glossy and bluntly serrate; the flowers are white or pale-yellow, small, scented, numerous and found in long, axillary panicles; the drupes are yellow on ripening, aromatic, oblong and smooth, with a single ex-albuminous seed. |
Herb Effects |
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Astringent, tonic, alterative, purgative, emollient, anthelmintic, antiperiodic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial and antiviral. |
Chemistry
Active Ingredients |
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Beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin (flower); gedunin, nimbidin (seed); hyperoside, quercitrin, rutin (leaf); linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid (fruit); nimbin, nimbinin, tannin (stem bark); scopoletin (plant) |
Chemistry
of Active Ingredients |
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Name |
CAS# |
IUPAC Name |
Formula |
Structure |
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Nimbin |
Not Available |
Not Available |
C30H36O9 |
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Quercetin |
Not Available |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy -chromen-7-one |
C15H10O7 |
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beta-Sitosterol |
5779-62-4 |
17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl -heptan-2-yl)-10,13- dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9 ,11,12,14,
15,16,17 -dodecahydro-1H-cycl openta[a]phenanthren -3-ol |
C29H50O |
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Kaempferol |
80714-53-0 |
3-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-3- [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- (hydroxyme
thyl)oxa n-2-yl]oxy-oxan-2-yl ]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6 -(hydroxymethyl)oxan -2
-yl]oxy-4,5-dihy droxy-2-(4-hydroxyph enyl)-chromen-7-one |
C33H40O21 |
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Myricetin |
529-44-2 |
3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-( 3,4,5-trihydroxyphen yl)-chromen-7-one |
C15H10O8 |
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Gedunin |
2629-11-0 |
Not Available |
C28H36O7 |
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Hyperoside |
482-36-0 |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3- [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- (hydroxyme
thyl)oxa n-2-yl]oxy-chromen-7 -one |
C21H20O12 |
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Quercitrin |
6151-25-3 |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3- (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- methyl-oxa
n-2-yl)o xy-chromen-7-one |
C21H20O11 |
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Rutin |
Not Available |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3- [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- [(3,4,5-tr
ihydroxy -6-methyl-tetrahydro pyran-2-yl)oxymethyl ]tetrahydropyran-2-y l]
oxy-chromen-7-on e trihydrate |
C27H36O19 |
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Linoleic acid |
8024-22-4 |
octadeca-9,12-dienoi c acid |
C18H32O2 |
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Oleic acid |
8046-01-3 |
octadec-9-enoic acid |
C18H34O2 |
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Palmitic acid |
66321-94-6 |
hexadecanoic acid |
C16H32O2 |
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Stearic acid |
82497-27-6 |
Octadecanoic acid |
C18H36O2 |
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Tannin |
1401-55-4 |
Not Available |
C27H22O18 |
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Scopoletin |
92-61-5 |
2-hydroxy-6-methoxy- chromen-7-one |
C10H8O4 |
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Pharmacology
Medicinal Use |
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To treat skin diseases, rheumatism, stomach worms, gastric ulcers, urinary discharges, tumours, piles, toothache, arthritis, leprosy and sprains; used in Ayurveda practice to relieve cough, asthma, piles, tumours and urinary discharges. |
Contraindication |
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Neem seed oil is more problematic and should be kept out of reach of children because of a report of Reye's syndrome–like symptoms in a few infants who consumed 5 ml of the oil and ultimately died (Sinniah et al., 1982). Neem should be avoided in pregnancy |
Reference |
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Sinniah D, Baskara G, Looi LM, Leong KL. Reye-like syndrome due to margosa oil poisoning: Report of a case with postmortem findings. Am J Gastroenterol 1982;77:158–61. |
Dealers
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