Analgesic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antitussive, expectorant and stimulant (root); antiseptic, antiarthritic, antispasmodic, carminative, lenitive, stimulant, stomachic, tonic (plant)

Antipyretic, carminative, emetic, gastrotonic, laxative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

Stomachic, stimulant, aphrodisiac, tonic, diuretic and tranquillizer (wood)

Analgesic, antiinflammatory, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (root)

As stomachic, febrifuge, expectorant, tonic, and emmenagogue or abortifacient (decoction or infusion of the stem); antiseptic (decoction of the wood)

Appetizer, astringent, poultice, stomachic.

Acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anodyne (whole plant); acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, cholagogue, deobstruent, emmenagogue, stomachic and tonic (herb)

Depurative, antiphlogistic, febrifuge, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (whole plant); antiperiodic, antiseptic, digestive and febrifuge (leaves).

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, cholagogue, deobstruent, emmenagogue, stomachic and tonic (herb)

Antiscorbutic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypnotic and stomachic (leaves)

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge. antifungal (essential plant oil); contraceptive (plant); hepatoprotective (methanol extract).

Antilithic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stomachic, antiseptic, tonic, larvicidal. insecticidal. antimicrobial and antifungal (essential plant oil); purifies blood (flower and stem); anthelmintic (flower and leaf decoction).

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, purgative, stimulant, slightly tonic (plant); appetizer, diuretic, haemostatic and stomachic (leaves); antirheumatic, antispasmodic, and stomachic (stem)

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, irritant, powerfully stimulant, stomachic and tonic (root)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic (tea made from the roots)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, sialagogue, stomachic, nervous stimulant and tonic (root); refrigerant (a drink made from plant).

Anti-pyretic, bechic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, stimulant and tonic (root); antitussive and stomachic (dried root).