Improves cardiac function (plant) and laxative (seed); demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, lactagogue, purgative, and tonic

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, cardiotonic, hypotensive, stomachic, vasodilator (fruit); alterative, antiscorbutic, deobstruent, laxative, stimulant and stomachic (dried fruit)

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Antiinflammatory, alterative, antipyretic, aperitif, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, contraceptive, demulcent, hepatotonic, laxative, litholytic, natriuretic, rubefacient, sedative, tonic (bark)

Abortifacient, analgesic, antidote, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carcinogenic, choleretic, emmenagogue, emetic, expectorant, laxative, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Laxative (seed); diaphoretic and induces nausea; bitter, tonic, laxative and expectorant (bulb); expectorant (leaves)

Diuretic, antiinflammatory and depresses the central nervous system (50% EtOH plant extract); laxative (seed); nauseant, emetic, emollient and diaphoretic (bulb)

Laxative, rubefacient and stimulant (seed and its oil); "activates nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in human polymorphs".

Potentiation of amphetamine toxicity, stimulates the central nervous system, hypothermic and carminative (rhizome); fights the microorganism (Vibrio) that causes cholera and acts as a trypsin inhibitor (tuber); sweet, bitter, appetizer, alexiteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, laxative.

Antibilious, appetizer, carminative, cholagogue, mildly diuretic, hepatic, laxative and antiscorbutic (whole plant)

The seeds are alterative, anthelmintic, carminative and antibilious (stem); laxative and antifertility (plant); antiviral (50% EtOH aerial part extract).

Laxative and antibilious (fruit); hypoglycemic and induces low blood lipids (gum); retards growth in rats, as a chemotherapeutic agent against smallpox (seed).

Abortifacient (juice of the stem); diuretic (decoction of stem); expectorant (flowers); mild laxative (stem and leaves); haemostatic and cicatrizant (pulped plant).

Astringent (stem bark); laxative, astringent and anti-inflammatory (seed); antivinous, astringent, cardiac, carminative, digestive, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, peptic, refrigerant, restorative, stimulant and tonic (fruit)

Used as a diuretic, laxative, expectorant and emmenagogue (stems).

Stimulant, antispasmodic and counter-irritant (plant); laxative, carminative and antiarthritic (roots or stems).

Atiscorbutic and astringent (flowers, leaves); Cardiotonic, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, restorative and tonic (seed)

Powerful antispasmodic, muscle relaxant, mildly laxative

Analgesic and antiinflammatory (root), Astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, expectorant, laxative, nervine, tonic.

Astringent (root); antihelminthic, purgative, laxative and diuretic (bark).