Used domestically as a diuretic, tonic and stimulant (root); aphrodisiac (bark).

Expectorant, diaphoretic, aphrodisiac, laxative, emetic (in large doses), euphoriant, posionous (can be fatal) in very high doses, alleviates spasms, increases nerve strength, psychological aid, relaxing and stimulant.

Emmenagogue (flowers); antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive, stomachic and tonic (stem bark); bactericidal, digestive and stomachic (plant)

Aphrodisiac (decoction of the root and stem bark); galactagogue, aphrodisiac, tonic and purgative (bark); galactogogue (latex and leaves maceration)

Aphrodisiac (decoction of the root and stem bark); galactagogue, aphrodisiac, tonic and purgative (bark); galactogogue and antiseptic (latex)

The root is aphrodisiac, diuretic and purgative; abortive, antibacterial, anticandidal, antifungal, antiviral, antispasmodic, uterine stimulant.

Aphrodisiac, antidepressant and emmenagogue (roots)

Carminative, stomachic, abortifacient, cardiac tonic, rubefacient, stimulant, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic. The seeds are used as antibacterial, anticholeric and anti-viral agents.

Anabolic, androgenic, analgesic (pain-reliever), anti-inflammatory, anti-Parkinson's, antispasmodic, antivenin, aphrodisiac, febrifuge, hormonal, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol), hypoglycemic, immunomodulator, nervine (balances/calms nerves), anti-neurasthenic.

Stimulant, carminative, astringent and aphrodisiac

Antidysenteric, astringent, aphrodisiac, a heart stimulant, useful in improving memory and narcotic (rhizome); alleviates spasms and sedative (alcohol extract of rhizome); anaphrodisiac and sedative (flowers)

Antitussive, anticancer, aphrodisiac, expectorant, pectoral, sedative, sialogogue, stomachic and tonic (root); antipyretic, antiscrofulatic, antitussive, emollient, expectorant and tonic (plant)

Aphrodisiac and increases nerve strength (plant); expectorant and astringent (tubers)

Antidote, arsenic, antidote, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hemostatic, toxic and vermifuge.

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic and stimulant (roots and flowers)

Stimulant, carminative and against fever (root); increases: strength, stamina, virility, salivation and the secretion of gastric juices; anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antiemetic, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, blood purifier, contraceptive and demulcent.

Analgesic, antinarcotic, antitussive, aphrodisiac, sedative and tranquilizer (seeds); sudorific (petals)

Analgesic, aphrodisiac, astringent, narcotic, hypothermic and lowers blood pressure (latex); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system (fruit); laxative (seed); increases nerve strength, sedative, relieves pain, anticonvulsive, emollient.

Aphrodisiac, acrid, antiinflammatory, astringent, cooling and hypothermic (plant).

The fruit is used as a demulcent, diuretic, antiseptic and aphrodisiac. antibilious (root); alleviates spasms (fruit); kills certain larvae and diuretic (plant).