Antiinflammatory and antibacterial (leaf); antifungal (plant); astringent and sedative.

Mild diuretic, cardiotonic and sedative; tonic, antispasmodic, diuretic, analgesic and emmenagogue. Antispasmodic, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, stomachic, tonic and uterine stimulant (leaves)

Acts as a sedative and anthelminthic (leaves).

Analeptic, analgesic, antiacetylcholinesterase, , antibutylcholinesterase, anticholinesterase, anticurare, antimyasthenic, antineurotic, bradycardic, cholinergic, CNS inhibitor, emetic, emollient, hypnotic, insecticide, memorigenic, myocontractant, myoneurostimulant, peristaltic, secretagogue, sedative and sialagogue (plant)

Analeptic, analgesic, antiacetylcholinesterase, antibutylcholinesterase, anticholinesterase, anticurare, antimyasthenic, antineurotic, bradycardic, cholinergic, CNS Inhibitor, emetic, emollient, hypnotic, insecticide, memorigenic, myocontractant, myoneurostimulant, peristaltic, secretagogue, sedative and sialagogue (plant)

Anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, hypotensive and sedative (root)

Analgesic, antibacterial, emmenagogue, haemostatic, nervine, oxytocic, sedative and vasodilator (root)

Antitussive, diuretic, carminative, expectorant, febrifuge, pectoral, sedative and tonic (bulb)

Antiasthmatic, antitussive, expectorant, sedative and tonic (bulb)

Gentle sedative (plant); antispasmodic, febrifuge, sedative and stomachic (leaves and the flowering tops).

Antiseptic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, parasiticide, poultice, salve, sedative, stimulant, vulnerary (resin obtained from the trunk of the tree)

Diuretic, lithontripic and oxytocic (mature seeds); sedative (leaves); depurative (root); contraceptive (herb extract)

Anodyne and sedative (seed)

Sedative, thyrotropic, cardioactive diuretic, peripheral vasoconstrictor, antitussive, antihaemorrhagic; astringent, hypoglycaemic, mild narcotic and mild sedative (whole plant).

Carminative and diaphoretic (flower buds and the seeds); antifungal, astringent, cytotoxic, hypotensive and a uterine stimulant (flower buds); anodyne and sedative (plant)

Analgesic, anodyne, carminative, febrifuge, sedative and tonic (flowers and unopened flower buds)

Febrifuge (tea of bark); diuretic (crushed seeds); sedative and soporific (fluid extract of the crushed seeds).

Stimulant, bitter, tonic, aromatic, emmenagogue, anodyne, antispasmodic, stomachic (plant); anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (flower).

Sedative, reduces flatulence, aids in digestion, diaphoretic and tonic (to the brain).

Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, sedative and stimulant (herb).