Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antifungal, anodyne, emmenagogue (flower); anticancer (fruit)

Hypothermic, depresses the central nervous system and diuretic (aerial part), stimulates the ovary and endometrium, cardiotonic and anticancer (bark), antifungal (seed), stops bleeding and secretions and induces a sedative effect on the uterus.

Antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, antiphlogistic, cardiac, diuretic, febrifuge, haemolytic, hypoglycaemic, restorative, sialogogue, tonic and vasodilator (root)

Anthelmintic, antifungal, alleviates spasms, antiinflammatory and antibacterial (plant); depresses the central nervous system and sedative (root).

Antibacterial, antifungal, appetizer, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, rubefacient and stimulant (seed)

Antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimitotic (plant)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)

Antifungal (aerial part); anticholinergic, astringent, febrifugal, stomachic and dangerously emetocathartic (seed); expectorant (seed oil)

Anthelmintic (seed and root); diuretic, hypoglycemic and aphrodisiac (plant); antibacterial and antifungal (essential oil); depurifies the body, alterant, depurative, refrigerant and tonic (flower).

Analgesic, anaesthetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antidote, candidicide, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicide, hypotensive, myorelaxant, nematicide, narcotic, sedative, hallucinogenic, stimulant and pediculicide (leaves and whole plant)

Antifungal, depurative (plant)

Anthelmintic, antifungal, antiseptic, diaphoretic and tonic (plant); vermifuge (dried leaves).

Diuretic and carminative (root); lowers blood pressure, depresses heart activity and antifungal (essential oil); carminative (fruit and root); stimulant and alleviates spasms (fruit); antispasmodic, stimulant, tonic and carminative (plant); strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant and tonic (seed oil).

Febrifuge (leaves and stem); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antifungal, depurative, emollient, expectorant and laxative (fruit); antibiotic, abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, oxytocic, sialagogue and uterine tonic (root); antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed)

Febrifuge (leaf, stem); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antifungal, depurative, emollient, expectorant and laxative (fruit); antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed); antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, oxytocic, sialagogue and uterine tonic (root)

Kills bacteria, antifungal, antiseptic, aperient, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative and stimulant (leaves); antibiotic (plant)

Depresses the central nervous system, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiinflammatory (leaf), anodyne, bitter tonic, expectorant, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue, emenagogue, antigastalgic, leaves anti-parasitical, alterative, aromatic, pain reliever.