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Home » Raw Herbs » Leaves |
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Botanical Name |
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Hyoscyamus niger L. |
English
Name |
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Black or Egyptian Henbane and Henbane |
Synonym(s) |
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Hyoscyamus agrestis, Kit., Hyoscyamus pallidus, Kit. |
Family |
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Solanaceae |
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General Info
| Description |
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It is an erect, annual or biennial, hairy and viscid herb with bad odour. Stem robust and grows up to few meters in high. Radical leaves are smaller, sessile, ovate, pinnatifid and passing in to bracts. Flowers appear from August- September, lower ones are in the forks of the branches, upper solitary in the axis of the leaf like bract, forming inside spikes roller back at the top before flowering, which ultimately forming elongated and straight. Calyx is urn shaped, shortly 5 lobed, limb funnel shaped and in fruit it is elongated. Corolla funnel shaped lobes 5, short, slightly unequal, purple in base, limb lurid green, purple veined and darker in the centre. Stamens are protruding out. Ovary 2 celled. Capsule globose. Seeds are compressed, many and scrobuculate. |
| Herb Effects |
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Analgesic and alleviates spasms (leaf); dilates the eye pupil (plant juice); stimulates heart, followed by a sedative effect (in moderate doses); small doses act as a heart sedative and a tonic; induces sleep; induces delirium (in large enough doses). |
Chemistry
| Active Ingredients |
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Atropine, chlorogenic acid, gaba, hyoscine, hyposcyamine, tropine, rutin and cuscohygrine (leaf); choline, coumarin, esculetin, (plant); scopalamine (leaf). |
| Chemistry
of Active Ingredients |
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Name |
CAS# |
IUPAC Name |
Formula |
Structure |
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| Atropine |
5934-50-9 |
(8-methyl-8-azabicyc
lo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)
3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-p
ropanoate |
C17H23NO3 |
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| Chlorogenic acid |
327-97-9 |
3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyp
henyl)prop-2-enoylox
y]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-
cyclohexan
e-1-carb
oxylic acid |
C16H18O9 |
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| Gaba |
70582-09-1 |
4-aminobutanoic acid |
C4H9NO2 |
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| Hyoscine |
6533-68-2 |
Not Available |
C17H21NO4 |
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| Tropine |
28390-68-3 |
8-methyl-8-azabicycl
o[3.2.1]octan-3-ol |
C8H15NO |
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| Rutin |
Not Available |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
[(3,4,5-tr
ihydroxy
-6-methyl-tetrahydro
pyran-2-yl)oxymethyl
]tetrahydropyran-2-y
l]
oxy-chromen-7-on
e trihydrate |
C27H36O19 |
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| Cuscohygrine |
454-14-8 |
1,3-bis(1-methylpyrr
olidin-2-yl)propan-2
-one |
C13H24N2O |
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| Choline |
67-48-1 |
2-hydroxyethyl-trime
thyl-ammonium |
C5H14NO+ |
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| Coumarin |
60094-90-8 |
6-(1,2-dihydroxy-3-m
ethyl-but-3-enyl)-7-
methoxy-chromen-2-on
e |
C15H16O5 |
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| Esculetin |
Not Available |
2,6-dihydroxychromen
-7-one |
C9H6O4 |
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Pharmacology
| Medicinal Use |
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Rheumatism (plant); diabetes and as an analgesic specifically used for pain affecting the urinary tract, especially when due to kidney stones(leaf); dilating the pupil of the eye (plant juice); alleviating spasms (including in the urinary tract), in treating Parkinson's disease, anxiety disorders, asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness, Meniere's syndrome and for inducing sleep. Externally, it is used as an oil to relieve painful conditions such as neuralgia, dental and rheumatic pains. Hyoscyamus has anodyne, narcotic, sedative and mydriatic properties. |
| Reference |
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 Bentley and Trimen, Medicinal Plants.
Chandel et al., Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.
Sharma, Classical Uses of Medicinal Plants.
The Himalaya Drug Company.
Uniyal et al., Medicinal Flora of Garhwal Himalayas. |
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