Stimulates the flow of gastric juices and bile and antimicrobial. Astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, strongly emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (whole plant)

Antibacterial, adntiscorbutic, aperient, disinfectant, depurative, discutient, diuretic, rubefacient, stomachic and stimulant (plant)

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, depurative, diuretic, purgative, refrigerant and stomachic as an emollient (oil extract) on the immune system, The milky juice is a refrigerant.

Adaptogen, appetizer, digestive, galactogogue, sialagogue, stomachic and tonic (root, whole plant)

Analgesic, locally anaesthetic, antibacterial, antidote, antipyretic, bitter, blood tonic, carminative, cholagogue, digestive, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (root).

Tonic and stomachic (rhizome); antidiabetic

Antiphlogistic, highly astringent, sedative, stomachic, tonic (dried roots, stems and leaves);

Laxative and cardiotonic (seed); carminative (leaf infusion); appetizer, carminative, demulcent, laxative, stimulant and stomachic (leaf)

The seed is aromatic, carminative, expectorant, narcotic, stimulant and stomachic. antibilious; increases the secretion of gastric juices, reduces fever, carminative and stimulant (fruit); diuretic and aphrodisiac (fruit and dried seed); fungitoxic against Helminthosporium oryzae (50% EtOH plant extract).

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, cardiotonic, hypotensive, stomachic, vasodilator (fruit); alterative, antiscorbutic, deobstruent, laxative, stimulant and stomachic (dried fruit)

Cholinergic (including on bladder muscles) (plant powder); laxative. anthelmintic. diuretic and carminative (bark); antiinflammatory, stomachic, tonic.

Antiseptic, astringent, bitter, digestive, hypotensive, narcotic, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

Antitussive, digestive, febrifuge, vermifuge, diuretic and inhibits urease (seed); stomachic (fruit); expectorant and emetic (flowers)

It is considered a tonic to the genital system, and an aphrodisiac (plant); stomachic, anthelmintic, diuretic and febrifuge (seeds).

Antibacterial, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, galactogogue, poultice, stimulant and stomachic.

Antiseptic, bactericidal, balsamic, carminative, cholagogue, fungicide, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (dried rhizome)

As tonic, stimulant, stomachic, febrifuge and astringent (plant); diuretic (rhizome)

Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic, carminative, increases the secretion of gastric juices, stimulant and diaphoretic (tuber); antipyretic and antiinflammatory (rhizome oil)analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, contraceptive, emmenagogue, lithontripic, sedative, antierysipelas, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge.

Stimulates the cardiovascular system (rhizome); diaphoretic, diuretic, astringent, increases the secretion of gastric juices, dessicant, cordial, stomachic, stimulant and aphrodisiac (tuber)

Anticoagulant, antiseptic, antitussive, antiviral, diuretic, purgative and stomachic (buds); abortifacient, anticoagulant, diuretic, purgative and vesicant (root)