Anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, hypotensive and sedative (root)

Anodyne, antiphlogistic, astringent, balsamic and haemostatic (stem); antirheumatic, diuretic and galactogogue (fruit)

Acts as diuretic (aerial parts); depurative, antirheumatic and antisyphilitic (roots); diuretic and cathartic (decoction of whole plant).

Analgesic, antirheumatic, carminative, mildly diuretic, stomachic and tonic (plant decoction); antipruritic, decongestant, diuretic and stomachic (spores)

Stimulant, antimalarial, antirheumatic and diaphoretic (bark); toxic (wood).

Antirheumatic (root)

Astringent, antirheumatic and carminative (leaf); antibacterial (essential oil); Antihypertensive, carminative, antiseptic and stimulant (plant)

Antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic (leaves); antirheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral (stems); antitussive, diuretic, expectorant and hypotensive (root bark); anthelmintic and purgative (bark)

Antifungal and antibacterial (essential oil); digestive, tonic, stimulant, demulcent, diuretic, antiemetic, antiseptic, styptic, stimulates the central nervous system, antirheumatic and alleviates spasms (plant).

Used as a tonic (plant); febrifuge, stomachic and antirheumatic (decoction of whole plant); vermifuge (roots).

Stimulant, carminative and against fever (root); increases: strength, stamina, virility, salivation and the secretion of gastric juices; anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antiemetic, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, blood purifier, contraceptive and demulcent.

Antiasthmatic, antirheumatic and laxative (bark); antihypertensive (root).

Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Alterative, antibacterial, antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, bitter stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, ophthalmic, skin, vasodilator and tonic (bark)

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, balsamic, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient and vermifuge (turpentine from the resin); antiseptic, diuretic and expectorant (leaves and young shoots); diuretic and respiratory-stimulant (seed essential oil)

Antibacterial, antifungal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, demulcent, lenitive, tonic and vasodilator (roots)

Anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant (flowers, leaves); antispasmodic and sedative (yellow corolla of the flower); mildly diuretic, antirheumatic and slows the clotting of blood (root)

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

Antirheumatic, astringent and pectoral.

Emetic, demulcent, antirheumatic, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk (root); lowers blood sugar and antiimplantation (tuber).