Diuretic, expectorant (plant); antidandruff, antitussive, astringent, demulcent, depurative, emetic, weakly emmenagogue, emollient, weakly expectorant, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, pectoral, refrigerant, stimulant, sudorific and tonic (fresh or dried leafy fronds)

Antirheumatic, astringent, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, pectoral and tonic (whole plant)

Astringent, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, resolvent and tonic (fronds)

Antiseptic and reduces fever (bark); astringent (root); antibacterial (plant); febrifuge.

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).

Alterative, analgesic, haemostatic and vulnerary (plant); anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, narcotic, tonic and vasoconstrictive (bark); decongestant, expectorant and tonic (seeds)

Stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, kills bacteria and antiinflammatory. Astringent, anthelmintic, diuretic and tonic (plant).

Analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, astringent, cardiotonic, haemostatic, hypoglycaemic, taenicide and vasoconstrictor (stem and leaves); haemostatic, cardiotonic and hypoglycemic (plant); astringent, diuretic and tonic (root).

Antispasmodic, astringent, bitter, cardiac depressant, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, rubefacient and vermifuge (root and stem bark); emmenagogue, bechic, deobstruent and ophthalmic (fruit); astringent (leaves); as a wash for parasitic ulcers, itch, and eruptions (leaves, bark of the trunk, and roots)

Aromatic, bitter, astringent, antiseptic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, expectorant, antileukemic, anticancer and “cytotoxic against KB test-system” (root bark); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part)

Produces spasms and anticancer (50% EtOH extract of plant); antihelmintic and antisyphilitic (root bark); astringent, febrifugal, stimulant, aperient, tonic, diuretic and depurative (plant)

Bitter, astringent and aromatic

Laxative, astringent, pungent, anthelmintic, purgative and emetic (root bark); alleviates spasms, antiprotozoal and hypoglycemic (leaf).

Astringent, tonic, antileprotic and anthelmintic (stem bark); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovasular system (root); hypoglycemic (stem bark and pod); anticancer and spermicidal (root and pod); antiprotozoal (pod).

Astringent and demulcent (root); expectorant; cooling, emollient and diuretic (flowers); mucilaginous, demulcent, diuretic and febrifugal (seeds).

Alterative, antirheumatic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (herb)

Astringent, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue, vulnerary.

Alterative, antirheumatic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (herb)

Antidote, antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, diuretic and hypotensive (root); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, diaphoretic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (leaves); astringent (powdered seed).

Antibacterial, antipruritic, astringent and vulnerary (root)