Demulcent, antigonorrheic and antidiarrheal (seed).

Anthelmintic, diuretic, astringent, stimulates the central nervous system, antihepatotoxic and hypothermic (plant); antidiarrheal and alleviates spasms (seed); relieves toothache pain (leaf).

Inhibit reverse transcriptase, adjuvant, alterative, analgesic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antihemorrhagic, aphrodisiac, blood cleanser, carminative, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat and laxative.

Enhances the immune system (plant) and antidiarrheal (leaf).

Antidiarrheal, astringent, anti-inflammatory and reduces fever (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system, alleviates spasms and cytotoxic (plant); inhibits effects of adrenergic chemicals (aerial part).

Bitter tonic, stomachic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, appetizer, laxative, alterative, antidiarrhoeic, antiperiodic.

Emmenagogue and parturient (poultice of leaves); antidiarrhoeal (roots).

Diuretic, sedative, antirheumatic, antidiarrheal and astringent (leaf); inhibits peristalsis of rabbit intestines (leaf essential oil); mild hemolytic (flower); alleviates spasms and expectorant (leaf and flower).

As a tonic, febrifuge, astringent, alternative, diaphoretic, increasing the secretion of gastric juices, alleviates spasms anticancer and antiviral (plant); antidiarrheal (root); alexipharmic and anthelmintic (seed).

As tonic (fruit), antidiarrheal and antibacterial (bark)

Antihelminthic and anti-diarrheic (boiled leaves); narcotic, tranquilliser, sedative, emollient and astringent (fruits)