Antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, astringent and febrifuge (leaves); antibacterial and anticancer (root); anticancer (root and whole plant)

Antiviral, cyanogenetic; antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and antiparasitic (root)

Antiarrhythmic, hypotensive and anticancer (plant); depresses the central nervous system (leaf extract); insecticidal and aids in reducing fever (leaf).

Stimulates the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, hypothermic and anticancer (leaf and stem bark); astringent, acrid (bark); antibacterial (plant).

Anticancer,depurative, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative, narcotic and alleviates spasms (plant); anti-malarial (seeds); rheumatic affections (leaves)

Astringent (seeds); anticancer (root)

Fungitoxic, bitter, emetic, cathartic and anticancer (seed); diuretic and lactagogue (fruit).

Antibacterial, diuretic and purgative (root bark); anticancer (plant)

Anticancer, antibacterial and hypoglycemic (fruit); inhibits pregnancy, anthelmintic, astringent and laxative (outer covering of fruit capsule).

Stimulates the cardiovascular system and anticancer (aerial part); hemolytic, kills sperm and alleviates spasms (plant); demulcent and emollient (seed oil).

Anticancerous, antacid, antiulcerous, menstrual stimulant, detoxifier

Diuretic, carminative, alleviates spasms, antiprotozoal, anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular and immune systems (seed); antiasthmatic, dilates bronchial tubes, hypotensive, insecticidal, antibacterial and in animals depresses the central nervous system.

Antitussive, anticancer, aphrodisiac, expectorant, pectoral, sedative, sialogogue, stomachic and tonic (root); antipyretic, antiscrofulatic, antitussive, emollient, expectorant and tonic (plant)

Antiviral, anticancer (leaf); sedative and laxative (bark of root); stomachic (decoction of roots, leaves and bark)

Roots are considered to be emetic, emollient and carminative, useful in colic, spasm, rheumatism and gout. Leaves and roots are considered to be a tonic. Stimulates the central nervous system. alleviates spasms and anticancer (leaf); immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory (plant).

Expectorant, sedative, diaphoretic and pain reliever (flower); narcotic (latex); antimicrobial, anticancer (plant extract); sudorific, sedative and anodyne (petals); anodyne, emollient, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypnotic, slightly narcotic and sedative (flowers and petals)

Diuretic, anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part); antihysteric (leaf and root); relieves headache (leaf).

Muscle tonic, hypocholesterolemic, cellular oxygenation, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumorous, anticancerous, antileukemic, aphrodisiac, immunomodulator (selectively modulates overactive immune cells), steroidal.

Diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (seed); antibacterial, anticancer, antidepressant, antipyretic, cardioprotective, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, estrogenic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, resolvent, mutagenic.

The fruit is appetizer, bitter, diuretic, laxative and tonic. Extracts from the plant have shown anticancer activity; diuretic (aerial part and fruit); abortifacient (aerial part)