Abortifacient, astringent, antifungal, contraceptive, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, hemostatic, lactagogue, oxytocic, pectoral, uterotonic and vasoconstrictor

As a tonic, fungicidal, bactericidal and haemostatic (flowers)

The seed is anthelmintic, diuretic, antifungal and laxative; hypoglycemic (in rats) (plant); toxic to mice; anthelmintic, anticholinergic, antifungal, antispasmodic, antitumour, diuretic and laxative (seeds)

Antifungal, antibacterial and laxative.

Antibacterial, antifungal (plant); cardiotonic and diuretic (leaves and fruits); antiphlogistic, astringent and diuretic (seeds)

Antiinflammatory and antibacterial (leaf); antifungal (plant); astringent and sedative.

Diuretic (leaves); emmenagogue (dried flowers); antibacterial, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, ophthalmic and vasodilator (fruit); aphrodisiac, diuretic, emmenagogue, ophthalmic (seed); alterative, antibacterial, antifungal, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, vasodilator and vulnerary (aerial parts)

Insecticidal, hypothermic, diuretic and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); antitubercular, antifungal and antibacterial (root bark).

Analgesic, antifungal, antirheumatic, antispasmodic and diaphoretic (roots)

Anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, hypotensive and sedative (root)

Antiparalytic, anticephalalgic, antihysteric, carminative, spasmolytic and diuretic (whole plant); tonic (fruits and bark); antifungal (plant essential oil).

Antifungal (decoction of roots)

Antifungal (essential oil)

Carminative and diaphoretic (flower buds and the seeds); antifungal, astringent, cytotoxic, hypotensive and a uterine stimulant (flower buds); anodyne and sedative (plant)

Tonic, Antifungal, Laxative, Diuretic, Detoxifier, Anti-inflammatory, Febrifuge, Hepatoprotective, Digestive, Nutritive, Anodyne, Anti-Arthritic

Antiseptic, antifungal, diaphoretic and expectorant (essential oil from leaves)

Alleviates spasms and antiprotozoal (aerial part); repels mosquitos, expectorant, carminative and anthelmintic (primarily against roundworms) (volatile oil); antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal and antidandruff.

Stimulant and astringent (leaf); antifungal and antibacterial (essential oil); anodyne, antiseptic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, refrigerant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (leaves and flowering plants)

Peppermint and menthol possess carminative, antispasmodic, and choleretic properties, and are also used as an external analgesic and nasal decongestant. antiseptic, relieves flatulence, soothes the stomach stimulant and promotes the flow of bile (plant); alleviates spasms (leaf); antifungal (essential oil); diuretic and expectorant.

Astringent, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial and anthelmintic.